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 法律及新造船合同 | 新造船合同及点评 |  提纲挈领读懂造船合同--造船合同第02章,合同价格和付款方式
 
提纲挈领读懂造船合同--造船合同第02章,合同价格和付款方式
2018-08-27

注意事项

  1. 合同价格是“net receivable”,即为卖方收到的船款
  2. 节点款和付款方式(略)
  3. 买方付款保函(略)
  4. 卖方还款保函(略)

重要提示

(1) 还款保函的仲裁止付 -- Article II-7. REFUNDS

建造方的银行出具的还款保函理论上都是“见索即付”的保函。那么如果出现卖方违约,但卖方对违约情况有异议,买方向银行索赔的情况下,如何能保证建造方的利益?办法是启动仲裁。保函的“仲裁止付”条款对卖方利益保护起到重要的重用。标准合同第二章第七条款的最后一段文字描述如下:

All payments made by the BUYER prior to delivery of the VESSEL shall be in the nature of advance to the SELLER, and in the event this Contract is rescinded or canceled by the BUYER, all in accordance with the specific terms of this Contract permitting such rescission or cancellation, the SELLER shall refund to the BUYER in United States Dollars the full amount of all sums already paid by the BUYER to the SELLER under this Contract, together with interest (at the rate set out in respective provision thereof) from the respective payment date(s) to the date of remittance by telegraphic transfer of such refund to the account specified by the BUYER.
 
As security to the BUYER, the SELLER shall deliver to the BUYER, following the execution of this Contract and before each advanced payment being due, a Refund Guarantee to be issued by the SELLER’s bank  (“Refund Guarantor”) in the People"s Republic of China in the form as per Exhibit "A" annexed hereto.
 
However, in the event of any dispute between the SELLER and the BUYER with regard to the SELLER"s obligation to repay the installment or installments paid by the BUYER and to the BUYER"S right to demand payment from the Refund Guarantor, under any of its Refund Guarantees, and such dispute is submitted either by the SELLER or by the BUYER for arbitration in accordance with Article XIII hereof, the Refund Guarantor shall withhold and defer payment under each relevant Refund Guarantee until the arbitration award between the SELLER and the BUYER is published. The Refund Guarantor shall not be obligated to make any payment under any relevant Refund Guarantee unless the arbitration award orders the SELLER to make repayment. If the SELLER fails to honour the award, then the Refund Guarantor shall refund to the extent the arbitration award orders.


标红这句话啥意思?先翻译一下

“但当买卖双方对于卖方在是否有还款义务以及买方是否有要求还款的权力发生争执,而且该争执已由买方或卖方根据本合同第十三章提交仲裁,则卖方有权在仲裁结果发布以前保有所有款项并延迟还款行为。除非仲裁结果责成卖方必须向买方还款,否则,卖方没有义务支付还款。但当卖方未能按仲裁结果履行其义务时,则卖方应在仲裁的具体裁决的范围内向买方支付还款。”

这句话有啥用?

该条款通常被称为“仲裁止付”,同样的描述也出现在合同第十章卖方违约和保函文字中。该段文字看似废话,但如果没有这段描述,将导致卖方银行开具的还款保函变成“见索即付”的无条件保函。切记,这段文字必须需要保留。

(2) 要求买方出具什么付款保函?

当然是由买方的担保银行,出具涵盖第二期至交船款的所有节点款的银行付款保函最好了。这可能吗?2006/07年造船火爆,银行争先融资的年代曾经有过银行开具的付款保函。从2008年以后,银行付款保函就彻底消失了。如果能要到银行付款保函最好,要不到,船东母公司开具的公司保函也能勉强接受,前提是母公司的资产确实能覆盖各节点款。

  1. 单船公司或是子公司作为合同买方,需要母公司开具付款保函;
  2. 母公司自己作为买方,无需开具自己为自己担保的付款保函,但如果造船合同转让给单船公司时,需要母公司开具付款保函。

子公司不付款,母公司就会付款吗?母公司的付款保函只是一张纸而已,有什么用?

在造船合同Article-XI 4.(iii)(买方违约)中,如买方违约,卖方可以要求加速付款并要求主张付款保函。母公司付款保函的作用在于将债务从单船公司转移到母公司,在仲裁时为建造方争取更大的权益。 

(3) 合同修改其他一些注意事项

..
(b) 2nd Instalment:

The sum of United States Dollars  [          ] Only (US$  [          ]), representing [    ] percent ([          ] %) of the Contract Price, shall become due and payable and be paid within three (3) Banking days after the cutting of the first steel plate of the VESSEL in the SELLER"s workshop and after the BUYER’s receipt of a Refund Guarantee (covering the 2nd installment). The SELLER shall notify with a telefax notice to the BUYER stating that the 1st steel plate has been cut in its workshop and demand for payment of this instalment together with a certificate signed by BUYER’s supervisor and Classification Society’s representative.

买方提出节点证书需要船级社和买方代表签字。

合同中已明确船级社有最终决定权(Decisions of the Classification Society as to compliance or noncompliance with Classification rules and regulations shall be final and binding upon the parties hereto.),既然船级社为最终决定权,那么买方代笔在节点证书上签字显得多余。如果买方坚持,该文字应改为由买方代表参加并见证(and witness by the BUYER"s supervisor),而非在节点证书上签字。

什么是 MT103 / MT199 电文

MT199 放款指示(Release Instruction)

 

在合同谈判中发生买方的律师对合同某个条款进行修改,可能会影响合同中的另一个条款的效力,如何进行弥补?介绍一句放在整个合同里皆准的法律描述: 

For the avoidance of any doubt, the provisions above shall in no means prejudice or minimize SELLER’s right to claim XXXX under Article XXXX

 
 英国上诉法院最新案例:如何区分一般保函和见索即付保函? (2021-08-30)
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